У статті здійснена спроба шляхом прикладного дослідження розкрити підстави і
порядок з’ясування і врахування думки дитини судом у вигляді отримання достатньо
сформульованої думки дитини як необхідного і надійного твердження у справі
(мета). Доведено, що сама процедура з’ясування та врахування думки дитини
судом охоплює дві взаємопов’язані складові: 1) матеріально-правовий аспект, що
розкривається через відповідні нормативні засади та умови для здійснення такої
процедури – закони, міжнародні стандарти, якими визначаються підстави для
визначення ставлення дитини до тієї чи іншої обставини у спорі; 2) процедурний
(процесуальний) – визначає власне особливості проведення такої процедури,
визначення осіб, уповноважених на її проведення (окрім суду), та інші питання,
що можуть виникати.
The purpose of the article is an attempt to reveal, through applied research, the grounds
and procedure for clarifying and taking into account the child's opinion by the court in
the form of obtaining a sufficiently formulated child's opinion as a necessary and reliable
statement in the case.
Results of the research. It is proved that the procedure for ascertaining and taking
into account the child's opinion by the court itself includes two interrelated components
1) the substantive aspect, which is disclosed through the relevant regulatory framework
and conditions for such a procedure – laws, international standards which determine the
grounds for determining the child's attitude to a particular circumstance in a dispute;
2) the procedural aspect – defines the actual peculiarities of such a procedure, determines
the persons authorized to conduct it (other than the court) and other issues which may
arise. The author substantiates that the procedure for obtaining a child's opinion and then taking it into account should begin with procedural opportunities to exercise the child's
right to freely express his or her opinion in various ways, and the Supreme Court has
repeatedly expressed its opinion on this issue. At the same time, the author establishes that
the realization of the child's right to free expression of his/her opinion must be consistent
with other grounds which the court must take into account.
It is proved that the child's right to express his/her opinion in the procedural procedure
for taking his/her opinion into account is also revealed through such an aspect of it as «the
child's right to be heard in the course of consideration of family issues by the courts». In
this regard, the ECtHR has formulated general principles which state that although Article
8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does
not contain clear procedural requirements, the child should be sufficiently involved in
decision-making regarding his or her family and private life.
The author proposes to introduce specialization of judges and pilot courts of first
instance with «Green Rooms», where, according to statistics, the civil cases under study
are most often heard, with the mandatory involvement of a psychologist to conduct such
a procedure, with further legislative consolidation of the specifics of the procedural
procedure under study in the procedural legislation.
